5 best Google Scholar APIs and Proxies for 2023. API, EULA, and scraping for Google Scholar
5 best Google Scholar APIs and Proxies for 2023. API, EULA, and scraping for Google Scholar
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On March 1, 2012, we changed our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. We got rid of over 60 different privacy policies across Google and replaced them with one that’s a lot shorter and easier to read. The new policy and terms cover multiple products and features, reflecting our desire to create one beautifully simple and intuitive experience across Google.
That means all of the Google services have the same ToS , which is available here : Google Terms of Service
Here's a quote from that page
Don’t misuse our Services. For example, don’t interfere with our Services or try to access them using a method other than the interface and the instructions that we provide.
Google Scholar api python. Prerequisites
Basic knowledge scraping with CSS selectors
CSS selectors declare which part of the markup a style applies to, thus allowing you to extract data from matching tags and attributes.
If you haven't scraped with CSS selectors, there's a dedicated blog post of mine about how to use CSS selectors when web-scraping that covers what it is, pros and cons, and why they matter from a web-scraping perspective and show the most common approaches of using CSS selectors when web scraping.
Separate virtual environment
If you're on Linux:
python -m venv env && source env/bin/activate
If you're on Windows and using Git Bash:
python -m venv env && source env/Scripts/activate
In short, it's a thing that creates an independent set of installed libraries including different Python versions that can coexist with each other in the same system, thus preventing libraries or Python version conflicts.
If you haven't worked with a virtual environment before, have a look at the dedicated Python virtual environments tutorial using Virtualenv and Poetry blog post of mine to get familiar.
Note: This is not a strict requirement for this blog post.
Install libraries :
pip install requests parsel google-search-results
Reduce the chance of being blocked
There's a chance that a request might be blocked. Have a look at how to reduce the chance of being blocked while web-scraping , there are eleven methods to bypass blocks from most websites.
Google Scholar API with Python: Prerequisites
Before we dive into the world of Google Scholar API with Python, let's cover some essential prerequisites.
Basic knowledge of scraping with CSS selectors
CSS selectors are a fundamental concept in web scraping. They declare which part of the markup a style applies to, allowing you to extract data from matching tags and attributes. If you're new to CSS selectors, I have a dedicated blog post on how to use them when web-scraping, covering what they are, their pros and cons, and why they matter from a web-scraping perspective. I'll also show you the most common approaches to using CSS selectors when web scraping.
Separate virtual environment
If you're on Linux:
python -m venv myenv
If you're on Windows and using Git Bash:
python -m venv myenv
In short, a virtual environment is a thing that creates an independent set of installed libraries, including different Python versions, that can coexist with each other in the same system, thus preventing libraries or Python version conflicts. If you're new to virtual environments, I have a dedicated Python virtual environments tutorial using Virtualenv and Poetry blog post to get you familiar.
Install libraries
Reduce the chance of being blocked
There's a chance that a request might be blocked. Have a look at how to reduce the chance of being blocked while web-scraping. There are eleven methods to bypass blocks from most websites.
Google Scholar python github. scholar.py
scholar.py is a Python module that implements a querier and parser for Google Scholar's output. Its classes can be used independently, but it can also be invoked as a command-line tool.
The script used to live at http://icir.org/christian/scholar.html , and I've moved it here so I can more easily manage the various patches and suggestions I'm receiving for scholar.py. Thanks guys, for all your interest! If you'd like to get in touch, email me at christian@icir.org or ping me on Twitter .
Cheers,
Christian
Features
- Extracts publication title, most relevant web link, PDF link, number of citations, number of online versions, link to Google Scholar's article cluster for the work, Google Scholar's cluster of all works referencing the publication, and excerpt of content.
- Command-line tool prints entries in CSV format, simple plain text, or in the citation export format.
- Cookie support for higher query volume, including ability to persist cookies to disk across invocations.
Note
I will always strive to add features that increase the power of this API, but I will never add features that intentionally try to work around the query limits imposed by Google Scholar. Please don't ask me to add such features.
Scraper api. Async Requests Method
Method #1To ensure a higher level of successful requests when using our scraper, we’ve built a new product, Async Scraper. Rather than making requests to our endpoint waiting for the response, this endpoint submits a job of scraping, in which you can later collect the data from using our status endpoint.
Scraping websites can be a difficult process; it takes numerous steps and significant effort to get through some sites’ protection which sometimes proves to be difficult with the timeout constraints of synchronous APIs. The Async Scraper will work on your requested URLs until we have achieved a 100% success rate (when applicable), returning the data to you.
Async Scraping is the recommended way to scrape pages when success rate on difficult sites is more important to you than response time (e.g. you need a set of data periodically).
How to use
The async scraper endpoint is available athttps://async.scraperapi.comand it exposes a few useful APIs.
Google Scholar bibtex api. ESTIMATED TIME
- ± 2 citations per minute.
- selenium==4.10.0
- pywin32==228
- tqdm==4.65.0
In the case of a .bib file as input, the entries must have both the title and the author fields.
The old variable names for each entry of the .bib file will be retained meaning that, when replacing the .bib file in Overleaf, you will not have to change your references!
Services hate automation, also the ethic one.
So (usually 2 per session but it may vary for long files).
Despite this, don't worry about time : the script is conceived to wait (up to 1 day circa) in points in which CAPTCHAs appear and to perform a bit slowler than humans (in order not to be blocked).
Given this, if you need an instantaneous formatter, good luck in your search and contact me if you find it
❗ REQUIREMENTS
In order to run the script you need to install the following libraries:
You will also need the correct ChromeDriver according to your Chrome version, see the tutorial (Getting started > Setup)
Download the zip and extract the folder.
Before proceeding, if you want to use a local file, make sure that the file that you need to format is in the "local input files" folder.
Open the terminal in that folder and, once you have installed all the needed libraries (along with the ChromeDriver), just run the following command:python bibtex-google-scholar.py
Answer to the questions according to your need and be careful to insert the correct answers, otherwise the script will crash.
Proxy for scraping. ScrapingBee review
I know I know… It sounds a bit pushy to immediately talk about our service but this article isn't an ad. We put a lot of time and effort into benchmarking these services, and I think it is fair to compare these free proxy lists to the ScrapingBee API.
If you're going to use a proxy for web scraping, consider ScrapingBee. While some of the best features are in the paid version, you can get 1,000 free credits when you sign up . This service stands out because even free users have access to support and the IP addresses you have access to are more secure and reliable.
The features ScrapingBee includes in the free credits are unmatched by any other free proxy you'll find in the lists below. You'll have access to tools like JavaScript rendering and headless Chrome to make it easier to use your proxy scraper.
One of the coolest features is that they have rotating proxies so that you can get around rate-limiting websites. This helps you hide your proxy scraper bots and lowers the chance you'll get blocked by a website.
You can also find code snippets in Python, NodeJS, PHP, Go, and several for web scrapers. ScrapingBee even has its own API, which makes it even easier to do web scraping. You don't have to worry about security leaks or the proxy running slow because access to the proxy servers is limited.
You can customize things like your geolocation, the headers that get forwarded, and the cookies that are sent in the requests, and ScrapingBee automatically block ads and images to speed up your requests.
Another cool thing is that if your requests return a status code other than 200, you don't get charged for that credit. You only have to pay for successful requests.
Even though ScrapingBee's free plan is great, if you plan on using scraping websites a lot you will need to upgrade to a paid plan. Then of course, if you have any problem you can get in touch with the team to find out what happened.
With the free proxies on the lists below, you won't have any support. You'll be responsible for making sure your information is secure and you'll have to deal with IP addresses getting blocked and requests returning painfully slow as more users connect to the same proxy.